Multiplying two whole numbers gives a product. What Are the Factors that Shape School Culture? The fact that so many people believe that one test on a couple of mornings each spring can determine school quality, teacher quality, and student learning shows an alarming lack of understanding in what makes a good school. From drawing and painting to collaging and printing, these interactive books include all kinds of art activities to engage budding artists! Specifically, the first school-level factor—a guaranteed and viable curriculum—is a composite of “opportunity to learn” and “time,” which hold the ranks of first and second respectively. For more extensive discussions on these syntheses, see Good & Brophy, 1986; Marzano, 2000a; Scheerens & Bosker, 1997; Reynolds & Teddlie, 2000. Six strategies that teachers, administrators, other school staff, and parents can implement to increase the extent to which students feel connected to school: Staff development can strengthen school staff members’ abilities to improve school connectedness for students in their school. The findings from this review are reported in Figure 2.2 (p. 18). In their review of the research literature, they relied heavily on case studies using what might be thought of as an “outlier design,” for example, focusing on the characteristics of the top 25 percent of schools as opposed to the bottom 25 percent. Enter to win the whole series worth £89.94 (rrp)! I refer to them as school-level factors because, for the most part, they are under the jurisdiction of the school as a whole. What is the definition of economic factors? Subscribe to ASCD Express, our free email newsletter, to have practical, actionable strategies and information delivered to your email inbox twice a month. Sorry, we could not process your request. So, 10 is also a factor of 30. Win ! There are many elements that influence a school’s culture such as their policies and the school’s history. We love being able to keep track of his progress on his Learning Journey checklist! New York: Elsevier. (2000a). Figure 2.3 depicts the commonality in these different lists and demonstrates how I have collapsed them into the five school-level factors that are the subject of the next five chapters. In fact, Sammons defines this factor as involving clear and fair discipline as well as feedback. Parents, we need your age to give you an age-appropriate experience. Enter for a chance to win the first 2 titles worth £6.99 each (rrp). We’re here to help. Also, 5 × 2 = 10. Factors are always whole numbers or integers and never decimals or fractions. Let us not forget that the majority of people within a school are students, and their opinions and feelings will be reflected in the school’s culture and how it is perceived. School-Based Risk Factors. High school can bring a whole new level of stress for kids who learn and think differently. Provide professional development and support for teachers and other school staff to enable them to meet the diverse cognitive, emotional, and social needs of children and adolescents. If clear channels of communication exist between different levels within the school as well as between staff and parents, this will help to foster a positive culture. For example, in Figure 2.3, I have classified Sammons's “positive reinforcement” as an aspect of a safe and orderly environment, which of course is one of my five school-level factors. Risk factors for school shooters. For example, in the Scheerens and Bosker (1997) review, leadership was rather narrowly focused on what might be referred to as quality control. Schools strive to have a positive culture which is defined by elements such as the way stakeholders appreciate and interact with each other, how well students learn as well as the how the safety and wellbeing of all parties are looked after.