In these cases, doctors may follow a more approximate definition: If the lymphoma at one time had its major tumor mass—its most obvious bulk—in an extranodal site, then it may be considered an extranodal lymphoma., Of the lymphomas that start in the lymph nodes, or nodal lymphomas, almost all can have extranodal involvement—that is, they can spread to extranodal sites. In addition to being present in the lymph nodes, lymphatic tissue is also found in a few additional spaces of your body. Extralymphatic means other than lymph nodes and other lymphatic structures. Primary lymphomas can affect the testes in men and are called primary testicular lymphomas. Trusted, compassionate information for people with cancer and their families and caregivers, from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the voice of the world’s cancer physicians and oncology professionals. Clin Cancer Investig J. The lymphatic system is important for maintaining your body’s fluid balance, and it helps transport some fats. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. Some lymphatic tissue similar to the tonsils is also located in the digestive tract. The number of involved regions is not coded by cancer registries. It also works along with the rest of the immune system (namely, the leukocytes) to fight infections. * Waldeyer's ring (tonsils) (C024, C090-C099, C111, C142) The spleen’s main function is to filter the blood. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. When staging Hodgkin lymphoma, doctors evaluate the following: The number of cancerous lymph node areas. They’re part of the immune system, so they help fight infections, but removing the tonsils doesn’t appear to increase your risk of infections. Use the menu to see other pages. Stage III: There is cancer in lymph node areas on both sides of the diaphragm, meaning above and below it. Other prognostic factors that are considered, especially for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma, include: A higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or ESR (see "Laboratory tests" in Diagnosis), is associated with a poorer prognosis. Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs or tissues with or without associated lymph node enlargement. In addition to being present in the lymph nodes, lymphatic tissue is also found in a few additional spaces of your body. The progression is often aggressive, but spontaneous remission has occurred in some people. Survival rates and factors that affect prognosis (outlook) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ON THIS PAGE: You will learn about how doctors describe the extent of a cancer’s growth or spread. Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S). Stage II: Any of the following conditions applies: Stage II: The cancer is in 2 or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. Lymphoma in the brain, or CNS lymphoma, may also be primary. In addition to stage, doctors use other prognostic factors to help plan the best treatment and predict how well this treatment will work. Whether the cancerous lymph nodes are localized or generalized. Although lymphomas are all cancers that affect the lymphocytes—a type of white blood cell—sometimes that is where the similarity ends. **Note 5:** Extralymphatic sites include all other sites (e.g., stomach, colon, breast, nasopharynx). J Cardiothorac Surg. Primary extranodal follicular lymphomas that aren’t skin lymphomas occur rather infrequently. At times, it can be difficult to pinpoint where in the body a lymphoma began. Intraepithelial lymphocytes: These tissues are located between the cells of the epithelial layer of the small intestine, between the tight junctions. PLUS involvement of a single extralymphatic organ/site on either side of the diaphragm Stated as Stage IIIES: NA: NA: D: D: 800: Diffuse or disseminated (multifocal) involvement of ONE OR MORE extralymphatic organ(s)/site(s) WITH OR WITHOUT associated lymph node involvement Multifocal involvement of MORE THAN ONE extralymphatic organ/site * AJCC stage group for this site is derived directly from the extension code, as shown in the Extension Stage Table. This is called the stage. Fertility and Pregnancy When Living With Hodgkin Lymphoma, Extra nodal lymphomas – an experience in tertiary care hospital, Extranodal involvement in lymphoma - a pictorial essay and retrospective analysis of 281 PET/CT studies, Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A retrospective analysis of its clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in a tertiary cancer center of eastern India, The survival and prognostic factors of primary testicular lymphoma: two-decade single-center experience, Primary cardiac lymphoma: two cases and a review of literature, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: An immunohistochemical approach to diagnosis, Survival rates and factors that affect prognosis (outlook) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma: a review and update on recent progress, Management of non-Hodgkin lymphomas arising at extranodal sites, Histopathology of Nodal and Extranodal Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas; Alfred C. Feller, Jacques Diebold; Springer Science & Business Media, Jun 27, 2011. Primary cardiac lymphoma is one of the rarest tumors of the heart. The mass is either larger than one-third the diameter of the chest or larger than 10 centimeters (cm). 2015;2015:102656. doi:10.1155/2015/102656, Ma RZ, Tian L, Tao LY, et al.