The following are a selection of second lieutenant rank insignia, attempting to illustrate the range of variation (and similarity) between the insignia. Smart ones pay attention. [1] Immediately prior to this change, the rank had been effectively reserved for new graduates from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea which closed in 1985. The rank is equivalent to that of a flying officer in the Royal Air Force. In the British armed forces, second lieutenant is a rank which is not used as a form of address. In Indonesia, "second lieutenant" is known as letnan dua (letda) which is the most junior ranked officer in the Indonesian Military. A second lieutenant is represented by one metal pip on each shoulder in case of "khaki uniform" and one four quadric[ clarification needed ] printed star on the chest in case of camouflage combat dress. In December 1917, a gold-colored bar similar to the silver-colored bar of a first lieutenant was introduced. Instead a second lieutenant named, for example, Smith is addressed and referred to as Mr Smith, with the exception that the alternative titles ensign (Foot Guards) and cornet (in the Blues and Royals [8] and Queen's Royal Hussars [9] ) are still used. [2] [3] The rank of second lieutenant is only appointed to officers in special appointments such as training institutions, university regiments and while under probation during training. It incorporates the principles of exercising power and authority into the military chain of command – the succession of commanders superior to subordinates through which command is exercised. The equivalent rank in Norway (O-1) is "fenrik". For example, for the infantry, gold being the metal of the ceremonial dress buttons, the symbol on the béret being a golden grenade with two crossed rifles, and the symbol on the képi being a single golden grenade, therefore the insignia of a sous-lieutenant is a gold-colored bar. The alternative spelling, serjeant, is used in The Rifles and other units that draw their heritage from the British Light Infantry. Most fenriks have finished the War Academy as well, and are fully trained officers. New British Army officers are normally commissioned as second lieutenants at the end of their commissioning course at RMA Sandhurst, and continue with specific training with their units. Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces, comparable to NATO OF-1a rank. The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) has five rank schemes for active and reservist personnel, with a sixth for the auxiliaries of the SAF Volunteer Corps. Because the IDF is an integrated force, ranks are the same in all services The ranks are derived from those used in the pre-state paramilitary Haganah, which operated during the Mandate period in order to protect the Yishuv. A subaltern is a primarily British military term for a junior officer. Senior non-commissioned officers promoted to becoming commissioned officers go to the officer's candidate school (Sekolah Calon Perwira) in Bandung to achieve the second lieutenant rank. Officers holding this rank should be addressed as "Kyrie Anthypolochage" (Κύριε Ανθυπολοχαγέ) by their subordinates, or "Anthypolochage + family name" by their superior officers. NOT to be confused with ex-ranker who is commissioned, understands from minute one what is required of him and will spend the rest of the time furtively working with Troop staffy on ways to supplement their wages. A typical appointment for a lieutenant might be the command of a platoon or troop of approximately thirty soldiers.[1]. However, there are often differences in how each nation employs corporals.