"[144] Similar ideas and language had already been used previously in the Monroe Doctrine, wherein Roosevelt claimed that the United States could serve as the police of the world, using its power to end unrest and wrongdoing on the western hemisphere. [184] This however ignores the violence and racism central to Klan ideology and activities, that had nothing to do with improving society, so much as enforcing racial hierarchies. Johnson, Earl. [168], There was a concern towards working-class children being taken out of school to be put straight to work. It is difficult to determine the level of compliance, and although the media at the time portrayed the law as highly ineffective, even if it did not eradicate the use of alcohol, it certainly decreased alcohol consumption during the period. The Panic of 1907 was short and mostly affected financiers. The Senate voted 82–6 in favor; the House agreed, 373–50. [84] So, frequently women expressed passionless emotions towards love as a way to establish status among men in the middle class. By taking down these corrupt representatives in office, a further means of direct democracy would be established. [100] This allowed for the creation of "tests" that would essentially be designed in a way that would allow for whites to pass them but not African Americans or any other persons of color. In 1913, Congress passed the Webb-Kenyon Act, which forbade the transport of liquor into dry states. The American Association for Highway Improvement was organized in 1910. Women's, S.J. While the British suffragettes stopped their protests in 1914 and supported the British war effort, Paul began her campaign in 1917 and was widely criticized for ignoring the war and attracting radical anti-war elements. It established national standards for law schools, which led to the replacement of the old system of young men studying law privately with established lawyers by the new system of accredited law schools associated with universities.[173]. The result, according to political scientist Henry Jones Ford, was that the United States Senate had become a "Diet of party lords, wielding their power without scruple or restraint, on behalf of those particular interests" that put them in office.[106]. "[178] The slogan was no longer accurate by 6 April of the following year, when Wilson surprised much of the Progressive base that twice elected him and asked a joint session of Congress to declare war on Germany. By 1905 the law was clearly a failure. Progressives around the country put up campaigns to push for an improvement in public education and to make education mandatory. The big businesses would soon find out that in order to succeed they would have to band together with the smaller businesses to be successful, kind of a "Yin and Yang" effect. Others such as Lincoln Steffens exposed political corruption in many large cities; Ida Tarbell is famed for her criticisms of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company. "[74] With the introduction of new methods of heating and lighting the home allowed for use of space once used for storage to become living spaces. [92][93] George Washington Carver (1860–1943) was a leader in promoting environmentalism, and was well known for his research projects, particularly those involving agriculture. They finally achieved that goal with the Norris–La Guardia Act of 1932.[78]. [128] Another significant constitutional change that began during the progressive era was the incorporation of the Bill of Rights so that those rights would apply to the states.