12.3. 12.5, which implies more energy loss due to friction causing more wear on the metal surfaces,as reported by Mosafor et al. The COF changes with temperature are more pronounced with the nonpolar LLDPE film than with those containing ionomer. This leaves less of the additive for blooming to the desired low COF surface. 12.5 and 12.6. Kitchel [21] tests a series of three-layer LDPE blown films with 500 ppm erucamide added to different layers. the dynamic coefficient of friction are: for polished oiled metal surfaces, less than 0.1, Kalam Azad, ... Subhash C. Sharma, in Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment, 2019. Erucamide or oleamide is added to the sealant layer at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2500 ppm. While in most relevant applications, μ < 1, a value above 1 merely implies that the force required to slide an object along the surface is greater than the normal force of the surface on the object. Figure 2.2. Both static and kinetic COFs depend on the pair of surfaces in contact. With oleamide not as much slip ends up near the surface, and surface concentration does not correlate with COF. Nevertheless, the tie layer measurements do confirm what others have surmised about the tie layer absorbing slip. Coefficient of friction during the transitional period of the test. Bonds affect seal strength. Variation of the coefficient of friction at run-in period of the test. A modified COF measurement method for testing finished catheters was reported by Kazmierska [24]. Your IP: 132.148.154.127 These findings are also supported by many researchers in the literature such as Mosarof, Kalam [4], Habibullah, Masjuki [7], and Haseeb, Sia [10]. • Seal strength quantifies the force required to breach a heat seal. Erucamide gives the best COF performance of the two slip additives tested. In the thin film work, they find that the concentration is nearly uniform across the entire thickness of the bilayer film, even at 1 day after fabrication. 12.4. 12.4 illustrates the comparison of COF at steady-state conditions for diesel and ecofuel. The erucamide concentration profile across the thickness of the film is measured using synchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy in order to get sufficient spacial resolution for the films. COF measurement demonstration. For example, if we roll a ball on a table with zero friction then the ball will drop off the table at the other end. A package must hold its product. The study revealed a significant reduction of COF for the ecofuel blend. Seal strength may be reported as an initial peak, maximum, or average value depending on the material and its seal failure mode design. Interestingly, lower COF is obtained when the slip is added to the ionomer layer than when only added to an LLDPE layer. 12.5 and 12.6 demonstrate the correlation of COF and friction torque throughout the test period for the diesel and B20 ecofuel blend, respectively. The frictional torque can be expressed as: where μ = coefficient of friction; T = frictional torque (kg-mm); W = applied load (N); and r = distance from the center of the contact surface on the lower balls to the axis of rotation. Each layer is 25 μm thick for a total film thickness of 75 μm. COF development in multilayer films containing migrating slip additives can be complex. The value of the coefficient of friction is given by. This phenomenon can be observed by analyzing the correlation between COF and friction torque, as shown in Figs. Figure 32.2. Fig. The presence of EVA increases the COF at all levels of slip, but the difference is not substantial and is overcome by adding a small amount of additional erucamide.