[211] Canada has since served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989,[86] and has since maintained forces in international missions in Rwanda, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere; Canada has sometimes faced controversy over its involvement in foreign countries, notably in the 1993 Somalia Affair. [220] The Canadian Forces will acquire 88 fighter planes and 15 naval surface combatants based on the Type 26 frigate design, the latter as part of the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". [198] Canada acceded to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1976. [101][102][103] Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, although the Queen retained her role as monarch of Canada. [85] Volunteers sent to the Western Front later became part of the Canadian Corps, which played a substantial role in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and other major engagements of the war. [72][73] Canada assumed control of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to form the Northwest Territories, where the Métis' grievances ignited the Red River Rebellion and the creation of the province of Manitoba in July 1870. [237] The Toronto Stock Exchange is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$2 trillion. [295][296] It is guided by the provisions of the Canada Health Act of 1984,[297] and is universal. The governor general or monarch may, though, in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice. or. [29], The desire for responsible government resulted in the abortive Rebellions of 1837. [99] Socially democratic programs were also instituted, such as Medicare, the Canada Pension Plan, and Canada Student Loans, though provincial governments, particularly Quebec and Alberta, opposed many of these as incursions into their jurisdictions. The 47th Battalion was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 13 November 1915. [121] Of Canada's thirteen provinces and territories, eight share a border with the United States, and only two are landlocked (Alberta and Saskatchewan), with the remaining eight provinces and three territories directly bordering one of three oceans. [75] In 1898, during the Klondike Gold Rush in the Northwest Territories, parliament created the Yukon Territory.
However, legislation to this effect was passed only in 1980, and applied only to 'O Canada. [317] Canada has a large number of Universities, almost all of which are publicly funded. [335] Canada's Indigenous population is growing at almost twice the national rate, and four percent of Canada's population claimed an Indigenous identity in 2006. By land area alone, however, Canada ranks fourth, due to having the world's largest proportion of fresh water lakes. [89], The Great Depression in Canada during the early 1930s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country. [185] However, in most rural areas and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. '47 is a sport lifestyle brand based out of Boston. The maple leaf is depicted on Canada's current and previous flags, and on the Arms of Canada. [90] In response to the downturn, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in Saskatchewan introduced many elements of a welfare state (as pioneered by Tommy Douglas) in the 1940s and 1950s. Shop 47 Brand Canada for your favourite fan gear like hoodies, t-shirts, hats from teams in the NHL, MLB, NBA, NFL, CFL and more. [272], The 2016 Canadian Census enumerated a total population of 35,151,728, an increase of around 5.0 percent over the 2011 figure.

[83] During this time, Canada introduced the Indian Act extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights. $29.99 .

[163][164], The direct participation of the monarch and the governor general in areas of governance is limited.